Figure 1: Sand and gravel well/Adapted from University of Illinois Extension
A well casing serves as the water-tight, protective lining for a well, typically made from steel or PVC. It is installed when the well is constructed. The well casing services as the structural support for the well and prevents contamination, such as sediment and bacteria, from entering the well. It also controls how water flows into the well, and the size of the casing is determined by the amount of water needed. Screens or filters can be added to the end of the casing as seen in Figure 1. The length of the casing depends on the type and construction of the well as seen in Figures 1 and 2. The sand and gravel well is completely encased, while bedrock wells typically on have a casing that extends 10-20 feet below ground level. This allows water to flow into the well from multiple fractures in the bedrock improving the amount of available water.
Figure 2: Bedrock well/Adapted from University of Illinois Extension
The top of the casing is protected by the well cap. It is recommended that you have at least 12 inches of stick up above the ground with the soil sloping gradually away from it to prevent the intrusion of potentially contaminated surface water into your well.
What should I do if my well casing gets damaged?
If you notice damage to your well casing, it is recommended that you contact a professional well contractor to inspect your casing and make any necessary repairs. Remember that the casing serves as the main protection between your well water and surface contaminants, so repairs should be made promptly.
In some cases, the top of your well casing may have been intentionally cut off below the ground level. This needs repaired as it subjects the well to the risks of flooding and contamination.
What should I do if my well does not have a casing?
If your well does not have a casing, it is important to take appropriate steps to ensure the safety and functionality of your well. You will need to evaluate the condition of your well. Consult with a professional well contractor or a Rural Community Assistance Partnership's Technical Assistance Provider to have them assess your well and provide guidance. It is important to comply with local regulations and well construction standard. Contact your local health authority for more information.
Want to learn more about your private well and how to care for it?
Sign up for the free 10-week email course from PrivateWellClass.org. The class is a project of RCAP and the University of Illinois, with funding from USEPA.
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