Yes, earthquakes can impact the functionality of wells. During an earthquake, private wells might experience water level fluctuations and an increase in the turbidity of the water. If there is enough shaking from an earthquake, the steel casing or a PVC joint could get damaged or the soil surrounding the casing could become disturbed, leading to possible contamination.
When the earthquake is strong enough to cause damage to infrastructure containing sewage, gas, or other hazardous materials, water quality and potential contamination become a major concern.
It is important to monitor your well and, if you notice any changes in the color, taste, or texture of the water, it is recommended to take a water sample and have it tested.
Do I live in an area where I could experience an earthquake that could affect my private water well?
As you can see from Figure 1, people in some parts of the United States are at risk to experience shaking of varying strengths from potentially damaging earthquakes.
Figure 1: National Seismic Hazard Model (2023) - Chance of Damaging Earthquake Shaking/USGS
Areas like California and Alaska are at the highest risk and can experience bigger earthquakes. These larger tremors can cause severe damage to private water systems and septic systems, especially if they are located near the epicenter of the earthquake.
What steps should I take to see if an earthquake affected my well?
Important tips while you wait for your water to be deemed safe:
Use bottled water for drinking, food preparation (including infant formula and ice), and toothbrushing.
Do not use ice from household automatic icemakers.
Disinfect dishes and other food contact surfaces by immersing them for at least one minute in water mixed with one teaspoon of unscented household bleach per gallon of water.
Assess the damage: After an earthquake, it’s important to assess the condition of your well. Look for any visible signs of damage such as cracks, shifts, or changes in the well structure.
Shut off the power: If your well is powered by electricity, turn off the power supply to prevent any electrical hazards or malfunctions.
Inspect the plumbing system: Check the plumbing system connected to your well for any leaks, breaks, or damage. Repair or replace any damaged pipes or fittings as necessary.
Test the water quality: After an earthquake, it’s crucial to test the water quality of your well. Earthquakes can disrupt the underground aquifer and introduce contaminants into the water supply. Contact a licensed laboratory to have your water tested for bacteria and other contaminants.
Disinfect the well: If you suspect any contamination in your well water, it’s important to disinfect the well. Follow the recommended disinfection procedures provided by your local health department or a professional well contractor.
Monitor the water level: Keep an eye on the water level in your well. Earthquakes can cause changes in the water table, which may affect the availability of water in your well. If you notice a significant drop in the water level, consult a well professional for further evaluation.
Remember, it’s always recommended to consult with a professional well contractor or your local health department for specific guidance tailored to your situation.
Where can I get more information about earthquakes and private wells?
Guidance offered on earthquakes is not as common as it is for other disasters such as hurricanes and wildfires. The guidance that is currently available varies greatly depending on your state. You should contact your state geological survey, emergency management services, or local health authority for information pertaining to your location.
Additional Resources:
EARTHQUAKE: Drinking Water & Septic Systems. 2018. Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation.
Homeowner's Guide to Earthquake Safety. 2020. California Seismic Safety Commission.
Use Safe Water After a Natural Disaster or Emergency. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
Want to learn more about your private well and how to care for it?
Sign up for the free 10-week email course from PrivateWellClass.org. The class is a project of RCAP and the University of Illinois, with funding from USEPA.
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