A spring is formed when natural pressure forces groundwater above the land surface. It can occur at a distinct point or over a large seepage area. Springs typically occur along hillsides, low-lying areas, or at the base of slopes. Springs can be a reliable and relatively inexpensive source of drinking water if they are developed and maintained properly. They can be developed into a drinking water supply by collecting the discharged water using tile or pipe and running it into a sanitary storage tank called a spring box.

A spring box is a water-tight structure built around the spring to isolate it from contaminated surface runoff. The box should be at least 4 feet deep and extend at least 1 foot above the ground. It is typically made of concrete and should have a watertight cover to prevent insects, animals, and surface water from entering the spring. An overflow pipe and an outlet pipe should be installed for periodic cleaning.

It is important to ensure that the rate of flow is reliable throughout the year. Fluctuating flow rates may indicate an unreliable source or potential contamination. You can gather information about historical spring flow from the previous owner or a neighbor. Water quality is also important to consider before using a spring as a water supply, so it is recommended to have the water analyzed at a certified water testing laboratory. This will help determine if the water can be treated efficiently and economically to make it safe for human consumption.

After developing the spring and removing potential sources of contamination, it is important to disinfect the entire water system. You will need to submit a water sample to a state-certified water testing laboratory for a water quality analysis.

If the water test indicates bacterial contamination, check the water supply location and system construction for potential pollution pathways. If improvements can be made, the system should be shock chlorinated. After two weeks, retest the water to ensure it is free from bacterial contamination.

Proper management of springs includes removing sources of contamination and redirecting surface water away from the spring’s drainage area. It is crucial to eliminate any potential sources of contamination from the spring’s drainage area. Redirect surface water away from the spring box or collection area. If there are livestock present, use fences to prevent them from contaminating the drinking water supply.

Regularly monitor the flow rate and water quality of the spring. This will help identify any issues or changes that may require attention. If necessary, make improvements to the system to maintain a safe and reliable water supply.

Springs can become contaminated due to their vulnerability to surface water interaction and shallow groundwater sources. Since springs are fed by shallow groundwater, which flows through the ground for only a short period of time, they are highly susceptible to contamination. Surface water runoff, such as rainwater or runoff from nearby sources, can carry pollutants and contaminants into the spring. Additionally, human activities near the spring, such as agriculture, livestock grazing, or improper waste disposal, can introduce contaminants into the groundwater that feeds the spring. It is important to protect springs from potential sources of contamination and regularly test the water quality to ensure it is safe for consumption.

To ensure the safety of your spring water, it is important to test its quality regularly. The frequency of testing will depend on various factors, including the source of the spring water and any potential sources of contamination in the surrounding area. It is generally recommended to test the quality of your spring water at least once a year. However, if there are changes in the environment or activities in the vicinity of the spring that may impact water quality, more frequent testing may be necessary.

Additionally, if you notice any changes in the taste, odor, or appearance of the water, it is advisable to conduct testing as soon as possible. Regular testing will help ensure that your spring water is safe for consumption and allow you to take appropriate measures if any issues are detected.